Ibikoresho bya Polyurethane - inyenyeri izaza

Urunigi rwa molekile ya polyurethane rurimo itsinda rya karbamate (-NHCOO-) cyangwa itsinda rya isocyanate (-NCO), rigabanijwemo polyisocyanate na polyurethane ibyiciro bibiri. , kubyara amatsinda ya polyurethane cyangwa polyurea, kugirango uzamure cyane imbaraga za sisitemu kandi ugere ku ntego yo guhuza.

Ibifatika bifata cyane cyane, hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukiza, plasitike, ibyuzuza, ibishishwa, imiti igabanya ubukana, stabilisateur hamwe nudukingirizo hamwe nibindi byongeweho byateguwe.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryurwego rwiterambere ryibintu, ibifunga bitandukanye bifite imbaraga zikomeye byaje hanze imwe imwe, ikungahaye cyane ku isoko rifatika.

1. Imiterere yiterambere

Ibiti bya polyurethane ni ubwoko bwo hagati bwo hagati no murwego rwohejuru, bufite imiterere ihindagurika, irwanya ingaruka, imiti irwanya imiti, kandi icy'ingenzi ni ukurwanya ubushyuhe buke. Mugihe duhinduye ibikoresho fatizo na formula, dushobora gukora ibintu bitandukanye. ibishishwa bya polyurethane bikwiranye no guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye n’imikoreshereze itandukanye.Ibikoresho bya poliurethane byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu gisirikare mu 1947. Na sosiyete ya Bayer, triphenyl methane triisocyanate yakoreshejwe neza mu guhuza ibyuma na reberi, kandi ikoreshwa ku nzira. ya tank, yashyizeho urufatiro rw’inganda zifata polyurethane.Ubuyapani bwatangije ikoranabuhanga ry’Abadage n’Abanyamerika mu 1954, ritangira gukora imiti yangiza polyurethane mu 1966, kandi ryateje imbere amazi ashingiye ku mazi ya vinyl polyurethane, yashyizwe mu nganda mu 1981.At ubungubu, ubushakashatsi n’umusaruro w’ibiti bya polyurethane mu Buyapani birakora cyane, kandi hamwe na Amerika ndetse n’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba, Ubuyapani bwabaye ibicuruzwa bikomeye kandi byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ya polyurethane. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, ibishishwa bya polyurethane byateye imbere byihuse, none byahindutse zitandukanye kandi ninganda zikoreshwa cyane.

Mu 1956, Ubushinwa bwateje imbere kandi butanga triphenyl methane triisocyanate (Lekner adhesive), kandi bidatinze bwabyaye toluene diisocyanate (TDI) hamwe n’ibice bibiri bigize ibishishwa bishingiye kuri polyurethane, kugeza na n'ubu bikaba binini cyane bifata polyurethane mu Bushinwa. Kuva icyo gihe, Ubushinwa bufite. yashyizeho imirongo myinshi y’umusaruro n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, aho hakenewe umubare munini w’ibikoresho bya polyurethane bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ubishyigikire, bityo biteze imbere iterambere ry’imiti ya polyurethane mu bice by’ubushakashatsi bwo mu gihugu.Byumwihariko nyuma ya 1986, inganda za polyurethane mu Bushinwa zinjiye mu gihe runaka by'iterambere ryihuse. Mu myaka yashize, igiciro cya koleurethane kigenda kigabanuka, kandi igiciro kiriho cya kole ya polyurethane kiri hejuru ya 20% gusa ugereranije na chloroprene glue, gitanga ibisabwa kugirango polyurethane ifate isoko rya chloroprene.